Efficient nitrogen (N) use is essential for sustainable farming and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Urease (UI) and nitrification inhibitors (NI) influence N transformations but their impact on carbon (C) and water cycles is less studied. In a winter wheat field, we found inhibitors reduced N₂O emissions by 34.1–48.8%, improved carbon (CUE) and water use efficiency (AWUE), and maintained or increased biomass. The double inhibitor (UI+NI) also enhanced agronomical N use efficiency (ANUE) and reduced global warming potential (GWP). This underscores the environmental benefits of using UI and NI in agriculture.
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